![]() ![]() The relatively high melting point (1,668 ☌ or 3,034 ☏) makes it useful as a refractory metal. It is a strong metal with low density that is quite ductile (especially in an oxygen-free environment), lustrous, and metallic-white in color. Characteristics Physical propertiesĪs a metal, titanium is recognized for its high strength-to-weight ratio. There are two allotropic forms and five naturally occurring isotopes of this element, 46Ti through 50Ti, with 48Ti being the most abundant (73.8%). In its unalloyed condition, titanium is as strong as some steels, but less dense. The two most useful properties of the metal are corrosion resistance and strength-to-density ratio, the highest of any metallic element. Titanium can be alloyed with iron, aluminium, vanadium, and molybdenum, among other elements, to produce strong, lightweight alloys for aerospace ( jet engines, missiles, and spacecraft), military, industrial processes (chemicals and petrochemicals, desalination plants, pulp, and paper), automotive, agriculture (farming), medical prostheses, orthopedic implants, dental and endodontic instruments and files, dental implants, sporting goods, jewelry, mobile phones, and other applications. Other compounds include titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4), a component of smoke screens and catalysts and titanium trichloride (TiCl 3), which is used as a catalyst in the production of polypropylene. The most common compound, titanium dioxide, is a popular photocatalyst and is used in the manufacture of white pigments. ![]() ![]() The metal is extracted from its principal mineral ores by the Kroll and Hunter processes. The element occurs within a number of minerals, principally rutile and ilmenite, which are widely distributed in the Earth's crust and lithosphere it is found in almost all living things, as well as bodies of water, rocks, and soils. Titanium was discovered in Cornwall, Great Britain, by William Gregor in 1791 and was named by Martin Heinrich Klaproth after the Titans of Greek mythology. Found in nature only as an oxide, it can be reduced to produce a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength, resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia, and chlorine. Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. ![]()
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